{"id":1313,"date":"2023-05-30T09:26:57","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T09:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/?p=1313"},"modified":"2023-05-30T09:33:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T09:33:02","slug":"aperitiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/zajimavosti-o-francii\/aperitiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to aperitiv neboli ap\u00e9ritif ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Podle definice je aperitiv \u010das p\u0159ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed, kdy si lid\u00e9 vychutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sklenku alkoholick\u00e9ho nebo jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje a n\u011bco k zakousnut\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o ob\u010derstven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edch\u00e1zet j\u00eddlu, dru\u017en\u00e1 chv\u00edle, kdy se lid\u00e9 sejdou, aby se najedli a napili a p\u0159itom si pov\u00eddali a st\u00fdkali se, ani\u017e by nutn\u011b pl\u00e1novali n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to lehk\u00e9 j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 lze tak\u00e9 nazvat „ap\u00e9ritif dinatoire“, pokud zcela nahrazuje j\u00eddlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le v\u00edce Francouz\u016f se sch\u00e1z\u00ed na aperitivn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159i, proto\u017ee p\u0159i aperitivu jde o svobodu: ka\u017ed\u00fd ochutn\u00e1v\u00e1, na co m\u00e1 chu\u0165, p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed z jednoho j\u00eddla na druh\u00e9 a z\u00e1bavnou formou zkou\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 produkty. Gurm\u00e1nsk\u00e9 recepty, origin\u00e1ln\u00ed aperitivn\u00ed chleby, jako jsou rustik\u00e1ln\u00ed ty\u010dinky nebo chleby s dl\u00e1tem, k\u0159upav\u00e1 zelenina, antipasti, charcuterie (uzen\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky), samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nezapome\u0148te na pomaz\u00e1nky na b\u00e1zi zeleniny nebo ryb, jako je dobr\u00e1 tapen\u00e1da nebo tho\u00efonade (tu\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch a jsou v\u00edce obl\u00edben\u00e9. Velmi m\u00f3dn\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 gurm\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky na b\u00e1zi lan\u00fd\u017e\u016f pro sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aperitivy. Arty\u010dokov\u00fd kr\u00e9m s lan\u00fd\u017ei je dokonal\u00fdm dopl\u0148kem aperitivn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aperitiv je zkr\u00e1tka ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd odd\u011bluje pr\u00e1ci od\nodpo\u010dinku. Pro Francouze je synonymem pohody a voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Je to \u010das sd\u00edlen\u00ed,\nimprovizace a spont\u00e1nnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u010das na aperitiv<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vra\u0165me se v\u0161ak k p\u016fvodu a historii aperitivu. Slovo\n„aperitiv“ poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho „apertivus“, odvozen\u00e9ho od\n„aperire“, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 „otev\u0159\u00edt“, tedy povzbudit chu\u0165 k\nj\u00eddlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b si lid\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd den d\u00e1vali n\u011bkolik datl\u00ed a\nsu\u0161en\u00e9ho ovoce a pop\u00edjeli tepl\u00e9 pivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve starov\u011bku se \u0158ekov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 d\u011blili o „symposiony“,\nco\u017e znamen\u00e1 „setk\u00e1n\u00ed pij\u00e1k\u016f“. Tato setk\u00e1n\u00ed byla organizov\u00e1na ve dvou\n\u010d\u00e1stech: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b byly n\u00e1poje a na druh\u00e9 j\u00eddlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byly aperitivy vyhrazeny vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm\nvrstv\u00e1m, kde poddan\u00ed pili alkohol jako aperitiv s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9\n\u00fa\u010dinky, a to s maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm respektem k hierarchii. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrstvy se pak odd\u00e1valy\nrostlinn\u00fdm v\u00edn\u016fm, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla podpo\u0159it tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a povzbudit chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm zvykem, kter\u00fd se objevil ve st\u0159edov\u011bku, bylo\np\u0159ip\u00edjen\u00ed p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem. P\u00e1ni si toti\u017e p\u0159ip\u00edjeli dvakr\u00e1t, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali\notravy, a domn\u00edvali se, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159ip\u00edjen\u00ed se obsah prom\u00edch\u00e1, a pokud by n\u011bkdo do\njejich sklenice dal jed, tak by ho m\u011bli tak\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ov\u0161em samotn\u00fd v\u00fdraz „tchin tchin“, kter\u00fd se\npou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpitku, p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e pozd\u011bji a m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v Brit\u00e1nii, kde se\nsetkali s odvozeninou „tsing tsing“ znamenaj\u00edc\u00ed „ahoj“ v\n\u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozvoj aperitivu nastal zejm\u00e9na v 16. stolet\u00ed, v dob\u011b\nrenesance, kter\u00e1 byla obdob\u00edm velk\u00e9 elegance. Na \u0161lechtick\u00fdch stolech se\nobjevovalo v\u00edno na poctiv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 ko\u0148akem. Ale prav\u00fd zlom p\u0159i\u0161el s\np\u0159\u00edchodem tapen\u00e1dy jako ned\u00edln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti aperitivu, kter\u00e1 si od t\u00e9 doby\nvydobyla pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opravdovou popularitu aperitiv z\u00edskal a\u017e po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9\nv\u00e1lce. N\u00e1poje, kter\u00e9 se tehdy konzumovaly jako aperitivy, jsou nepostradatelnou\nsou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i dnes, stejn\u011b jako rozmanit\u00e9 koktejly a r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy v\u00edna. Aperitiv se\ntak stal j\u00eddlem, kter\u00e9 se dokonce stalo nov\u00fdm pojmem: aperitiv d\u00eenatoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee je to ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed: aperitiv je nezbytn\u00fd. Podle pr\u016fzkumu\n89,3 % Francouz\u016f pravideln\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 aperitiv a 63,6 % z nich d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost\naperitivu p\u0159ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
aperitiv jako chv\u00edle p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Je to chv\u00edle p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, kdy se v\u0161ichni c\u00edt\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u011b a v\npohod\u011b, a 98 % Francouz\u016f ji pova\u017euje za okam\u017eik lidsk\u00e9 srde\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd\npodporuje v\u00fdm\u011bnu n\u00e1zor\u016f, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e si mohou popov\u00eddat s p\u0159\u00e1teli a rodinou, daleko\nod ritu\u00e1l\u016f spojen\u00fdch s j\u00eddlem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aperitiv je \u010das p\u0159ed ve\u010de\u0159\u00ed, kdy si lid\u00e9 vychutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sklenku alkoholick\u00e9ho nebo jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje a n\u011bco k zakousnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1316,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zajimavosti-o-francii"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1313"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1322,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1313\/revisions\/1322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.babicka-chantal.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}